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MORE ABOUT DR. SMITH
Jonathan C. Smith PhD is an international expert on stress, relaxation, meditation, and mindfulness -- and more recently critical thinking and the paranormal. He is a Licensed Clinical Psychologist, Professor of Psychology at Chicago's Roosevelt University, and Founding Director of the Roosevelt University Stress Institute (and the Pseudoscience and Paranormal Laboratory). The Institute has an extensive research program, online and classroom instruction, and Certificates in Relaxation, Meditation and Mindfulness Dr. Smith has published at least 19 books and more than three dozen articles, served as expert outside reviewer for six top psychological and medical journals, and published chapters as "guest expert" in eight textbooks and encyclopedias. His book publishers have included Aldine, Guilford Press, Macmillan, Oxford University Press, Plenum, Praeger, Prentice-Hall, Research Press, Springer, and Wiley/Blackwell. In addition, he has served as Chairman of the Department of Psychology at Roosevelt University for a decade and created Chicago's first university-based PsyD in Clinical Psychology. Under the leadership of subsequent Directors, this program has proudly earned a 7-year APA accreditation and is acclaimed nationwide for its focus on quality instruction, small classes, and rigor.
Dr. Smith's primary research focus has been theoretical and clinical issues related to stress management, relaxation, meditation, and mindfulness. His work on critical thinking focuses on paranormic religiosity and extraordinary paranormal "claims of consequence." (He has been confirmed as a "Level 6.14 Psychic.")
Dr. Smith has taught thousands of students, clients, and health professionals and has served as consultant for government, business, educational, medical, and health organizations in the US, Canada, Australia, Spain, France, India, Germany, and the People's Republic of China.
Currently, Dr. Smith is developing a test for measuring "Paranormic Thinking." This test will be made available without charge on www.lulu.com/stress.
CLICK BELOW FOR SMITH'S CURRENT WORK:
Books;
Stress, relaxation, and mindfulness inventories;
Free online relaxation, meditation and mindfulness MP3s;
Professional Certificates in stress, relaxation, meditation, and mindfulness
CURRENT POSITION
Rank: Full Professor
Discipline: Clinical Psychology
EDUCATION
BA, Psychology, Oberlin College, 1968
Ph.D., Psychology; Michigan State University, 1975
Licensed Clinical Psychologist (Illinois)
ACADEMIC POSITIONS
Faculty at Roosevelt University, 1975-present
Director, Stress Institute
PAST POSITIONS
Chair, Department of Psychology (10 years)
Director, Doctoral (PsyD) Program in Clinical Psychology (Briefly)
COURSES TAUGHT
General Psychology
Abnormal Psychology
Tests and Measurements
Personality
Coping with Stress (developed)
Advanced Clinical Psychology
Behavioral Medicine (developed)
Basic Relaxation Skills (developed)
Basic Active Coping (developed)
Stress Theory and Research (developed)
CURRENT COURSES
Coping with Stress
Relaxation and Meditation (graduate course)
Pseudoscience and the Paranormal
Doctoral Project Seminar
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PUBLICATIONS
Books
Smith, J. C. (2010). Pseudoscience and extraordinary claims of the paranormal: A critical thinker's toolkit. New York: Wiley-Blackwell
Smith, J. C. (2007). Relaxation, Meditation & Mindfulness: Essential Self-Training Guide Charlotte, NC: LululPress.
Smith, J. C. (2006). GOD SPEAKS! The Pastafarian Quatrains. Charlotte, NC: LuluPress
Smith, J. C. (2006). 1,000,000 Verses Direct from the Flying Spaghetti Monster. Charlotte, NC: LuluPress
Smith, J. C. (2006). Relaxation, Meditation and Mindfulness: A guide for health professionals. New York: Springer.
Smith, J. C. (2006). The Bible's True Words on your Deepest Secret. Charlotte, NC: LuluPress
Smith, J .C. (2004). The Stress Management Companion. New York: Lulu press.
Smith, J. C. (2002) Stress Management: A comprehensive handbook of techniques and strategies.. New York: Springer
Smith, J. C. (2001) Advances in ABC Relaxation: Applications and inventories. New York: Springer.
Smith, J. C. (1999) ABC relaxation theory: An evidence-based approach. New York: Springer.
Smith, J. C. (1999) ABC relaxation training: A guide for health professionals. New York: Springer (Also published in Spanish)
Smith, J. C. (1993). Creative stress management. New York: Prentice Hall
Smith, J. C. (1993). Understanding stress and coping. New York: Macmillan
Smith, J. C. (1991). Spiritual living in a skeptical age. New York: Insight/Plenum Publishers.
Smith, J. C. (1991). Stress scripting: A guide to stress management. New York: Praeger.
Smith, J. C. (1990). Cognitive-behavioral relaxation training: A new system of strategies for treatment and assessment. New York: Springer Publishing Company. (This book as been published in Spanish)
Smith, J. C. (1989). Relaxation dynamics: A cognitive-behavioral approach to relaxation. Champaign, IL: Research Press.
Smith, J. C. (1986). Meditation: A sensible guide to a timeless discipline. Champaign, IL: Research Press.
Smith, J .C. (1985). Relaxation dynamics: Nine world approaches to self-relaxation. Champaign, IL: Research Press.
Special Honors: Invited to contribute contribute chapter as "special expert"
Smith, J. C. (Contracted). "The instruction of relaxation, meditation and mindfulness). Schwartz, M. S., Andrasik, F. Biofeedback: A practitioner's Guide. 4th edition. New York: Guilford Press
Smith, J. C. (Contracted). "Relaxation" Ramachandran, R. (Ed). The Encyclopedia of Human Behavior, 2nd Edition. New York: Elsevier.
Smith, J. C. (2007) The psychology of relaxation. In Lehrer, Paul M. (Ed); Woolfolk, Robert L. (Ed); Sime,
Wesley E. (Ed). (2007). Principles and practice of stress management (3rd ed.). (pp. 38-52). New York, NY, US: Guilford Press.
Smith, J. C. (1995). Relaxation. Encyclopedia of Psychology. New York: Academic Press
Smith, J. C. (1993). New perspectives on meditation. In J. West (Ed.) Meditation research. London: Oxford University Press
Smith, J. C. (1987). Meditation as psychotherapy: A new look at the evidence. In M. West (Ed.), The Psychology of Meditation. London: Oxford University Press.
Smith, J. C. (1984). Meditation research: Three observations on the state of the art. In D. H. Shapiro & R. N. Walsh (Eds.), Meditation: Classic and contemporary perspectives. New York: Aldine.
Smith, J. C. (1977). Yoga and stress. In S. Ajaya (Ed.), Meditational therapy. Glenview, IL: Himalayan International Institute of Yoga Science & Philosophy of the USA.
Articles, exclusive or primary author (APA articles in italics (9 total))
Smith, J. C. (2010). Evaluating recorded and online presentation of multiple relaxation approaches: A research template. Carlotte, NC: Research Press. http://www.lulu.com/content/e-book/evaluating-recorded-and-online-presentation-of-multiple-relaxation-approaches-a-research-template/7652057
Smith, J. C. (2006). Some Light on the Popularity of Yoga and Famous Yoga Masters.
PsycCRITIQUES. Vol 51 (2), No Pagination Specified.
Smith, J. C. (2006) A Fun Journey Into the Afterlife.
PsycCRITIQUES. Vol 51 (23), No Pagination Specified.
Smith, J. C. (2006). Ex-Gay Reparative Therapy: God, Politics, and Science. PsycCRITIQUES. Vol 51 (37), No Pagination Specified.
Smith, J. C , Rausch, S, & Jenks Kettmann, J. D. (2004). Factor structure of the Smith Irrational Beliefs Inventory. Psychological Reports, 95, 696-704.
Smith, J. C. And Joyce, C. A. (2004). Mozart versus New Age music: Relaxation states, stress, and ABC relaxation theory. Journal of Music Therapy. 41 215-224.
Smith, J. C. (2004). Alternations in brain and immune function produced by mindfulness meditation: Three caveats. Psychosomatic Medicine. 66, 14888-152
Smith, J. C. (2003) Advances in ABC Relaxation: Applications and Inventories: Discussion. Contemporary Psychology: APA Review of Books. 48, 74-76. (a reply to a review)
Smith, J. C. And Piiparinin, R. A. (2003). Stress symptoms of two groups before and after the terrorist attacks of 9/11/01. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 97, 360-364
Smith, J. C. (1988). Steps toward a cognitive-behavioral model of relaxation. Biofeedback and Self-Regulation, 13, 307-329.
Smith, J. C. (1986). Meditation, biofeedback, and the relaxation controversy: A cognitive-behavioral perspective. American psychologist, 9, 1007-1008.
Smith, J. C. (1986, April). Warning: Stress management can be hazardous to your health. Training Today: The Magazine of the Illinois Training and Development Association. pp. 8-9.
Smith, J. C. (1978). Personality correlates of continuation and outcome in meditation and erect sitting control treatments. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 46, 272-279.
Smith, J. C. (1975). Meditation as psychotherapy: A review of the literature. Psychological Bulletin, 82, 558-564.
Smith, J. C. (1975). Psychotherapeutic effects of transcendental meditation with controls for expectation of relief and daily sitting. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 44, 633-637.
Smith, J. C., Wedell, A. B., Kolotylo, C. J., Lewis, J. E., Byers, K. Y. & Segin, C. M. (2000). ABC Relaxation Theory and the factor structure of relaxation states, recalled relaxation activities, dispositions, and motivations. Psychological Reports, 86, 1201-1208.
Smith, J. C., Amutio, A. Anderson, J. A., & Aria, L. A. (1996). Relaxation: Mapping an uncharted world. Biofeedback and Self-Regulation, 21 63-69.
Smith, J. C. & Siebert, J. R. (1984). Self-reported physical stress reactions: First and second-order factors. Biofeedback and Self-Regulation, 9, 215-227.
Smith, J. C. & Seidel, J. M. (1982). The factor structure of self-reported physical stress reactions. Biofeedback and Self-Regulation, 7, 35-47.
Smith, J. C. Sheridan, M. (1982). Type A (coronary-prone) behavior and self-reported physical and cognitive reactions to actual-life stressors. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 56, 545-546.
Articles : Second Author
Kareaga, Alberto, Exeberria, Sabino, Smith, Jonathan C. (2009) Evaluation of burnout and psichological well-being among health professionals in the Basque Country. Revista de PsicologÃÂa del Trabajo y de las Organizaciones 24, 2 235-252.
Amutio, A. & Smith, J. C. (2007) The factor structure of situational and dispositional versions of the Smith Irrational Beliefs Inventory in a Spanish student population. International Journal of Stress Management. Vol 14(3), 321-328.
Piiparinin, R. A. And Smith, J. C. (2004). Stress symptoms one year after 9/11/01: A follow-up/ Perceptual and Motor Skills, 99 (2), 577-580
Ghonchec, S. and Smith, J. C. (2004). Progressive muscle relaxation, yoga stretching, and ABC relaxation theory. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 60, 131-136
Matsumoto, M. & Smith, J. C. (2001). Progressive Muscle Relaxation, Breathing, and ABC relaxation. Journal of Clinical Psychology.
Gillani, N . B. & Smith, J. C. (2001). Zen meditation and ABC Relaxation Theory: An exploration of relaxation states, beliefs, dispositions, and motivations. Journal of clinical psychology, 57, 839-846.
Khasky, A. D. & Smith, J. C. (1999). Stress, relaxation statets, and creativity. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 88, 409-416.
Weinstein, M. Smith, J. C., & Turovetz, L. (1989). The validity of an objective, inexpensive measure of relaxaation. Canadian Journal of Counseling, 23, 208-210
Weinstein, M. & Smith, J. C. (1986). Isometric squeeze relaxation and meditation. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 60, 332-345.
First / Second Author in Advances in ABC Relaxation
Smith, J. C. (2001). The factor structure and correlates of negative relaxation attitudes. In J. C. Smith (Ed). Advances in ABC Relaxation Training. New York: Springer. 67-171.
Smith, J. C. (2001). The factor structure and correlates of claimed relaxation benefits. In J. C. Smith (Ed). Advances in ABC Relaxation Training. New York: Springer. 172-175
Smith, J. C. (2001). ABC Relaxation Theory and yoga, meditation, and prayer: Relaxation dispositions, motivations, beliefs, and practice patterns. In J. C. Smith (Ed). Advances in ABC Relaxation Training. New York: Springer. 197-201.
Smith, J. C., McDuffie, S. R., Ritchie, T., Holmes, R. H. (2001) Ethnic and racial differences in relaxation states for recalled relaxation activities. In J. C. Smith (Ed). Advances in ABC Relaxation Training. New York: Springer. 115-116
Smith, J. C. Y Sohnle, S. (2001). Stress, relaxation dispositions, and recalled relaxation states for one's preferred relaxation activity. In J. C. Smith (Ed). Advances in ABC Relaxation Training. New York: Springer. 143-148.
Smith, J. C. & Jackson, LuElla. (2001). Breathing exercises and relaxation states. In J. C. Smith (Ed). Advances in ABC Relaxation Training. New York: Springer. 202-204
Smith, J. C., Goc, N. L., & Kinzer, D. J. (2001). Initial trial of the Smith Intercentering Inventory: Progressive muscle relaxation,versus yoga stretching versus breathing relaxation. In J. C. Smith (Ed). Advances in ABC Relaxation Training. New York: Springer. 212-204
ROOSEVELT PSYC STUDENTS BECOME
FIRST-TIME AUTHORS THROUGH THE STRESS INSTITUTE
NEW STUDENT AUTHORS
Allen, Dan (I/O)
Anderson, John
Anderson, Katheryn
Aria, Les
Bowers, Rachael
Byers, Kristie
Cucci, Louis
Darner, Renee. M.
Dumitrescu, Claudiu
Fagerman, Elizabeth
Gaff, Jonathan
Goc, Natalie
Ghonchec, S.
Gillani, Louri.
Goldner, Corie
Gonzales, Raphael
Holmes, Robert
Hughes, Regina
Jackson, LuElla
Joyce, Carol A
Karmin, Arron
Kinzer, David
Koliyoto, C.
Lewis, Jacquie
Matsumoto, Mia.
Mui, Pearson
McDuffie, Steve
Piiparinin, Richard
Rausch, Carol
Rice, Steve
Ritchie, Tim
Segin, Carol
Seidel, Jim
Sheridan, Mary
Siebert, Jim
Sohnle, Steve
Sonobe, Yoshie
Sparks, Stacey
Wasik, Mark
Wedell, Ann
Williams, Julian
STUDENT PUBLICATIONS
Piiparinin, R. A. And Smith, J. C. (2005). Stress symptoms and the terrorist attacks of 9/11/01: One year after. Perceptual and Motor Skills
Anderson, K. P. The Symptom Checklist-90-Revised and relaxation states during ones preferred relaxation activity. In J. C. Smith (Ed). Advances in ABC Relaxation Training. New York: Springer. 138-142
Smith, J. C. And Joyce, C. A. (2004). Mozart versus New Age music: Relaxation states, stress, and ABC relaxation theory. Journal of Music Therapy. 41 215-224.
Smith, J. C. And Piiparinin, R. A. (2003). Stress symptoms of two groups before and after the terrorist attacks of 9/11/01. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 97, 360-364
Bowers, R., Darner, R. M., Goldner, C. L., Sohnle, S. (2001). Gender differences for recalled relaxation states, dispositions, beliefs, and benefits. In J. C. Smith (Ed). Advances in ABC Relaxation Training. New York: Springer. 111-114
Ghonchec , S. and Smith, J. C. (2004). Progressive muscle relaxation, yoga stretching, and ABC relaxation theory. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 60, 131-136
McDuffie, S. R. (2001). Race, gender, and ABC relaxation theory. In J. C. Smith (Ed). Advances in ABC Relaxation Training. New York: Springer. 117-121.
Matsumoto, M. & Smith, J. C. (2001). Progressive Muscle Relaxation, Breathing, and ABC relaxation. Journal of Clinical Psychology.
Gaff, J. L. Health status, stress and relaxation dispositions, motivations, and beliefs. In J. C. Smith (Ed). Advances in ABC Relaxation Training. New York: Springer. 145-149
Gillani, N . B. & Smith, J. C. (2001). Zen meditation and ABC Relaxation Theory: An exploration of relaxation states, beliefs, dispositions, and motivations. Journal of clinical psychology, 57, 839-846.
Hughes, R. F. (2001). The NEO Personality Inventory Revised and relaxation dispositions, motivations, and beliefs. In J. C. Smith (Ed). Advances in ABC Relaxation Training. New York: Springer. 126-131.
Leslie, K. A. & Clavin, S. L. (2001). The Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire recalled relaxation states in ones preferred relaxation activity. In J. C. Smith (Ed). Advances in ABC Relaxation Training. New York: Springer. 122-125
Smith, J. C., Wedell, A. B., Kolotylo, C. J., Lewis, J. E., Byers, K. Y. & Segin, C. M. (2000). ABC Relaxation Theory and the factor structure of relaxation states, recalled relaxation activities, dispositions, and motivations. Psychological Reports, 86, 1201-1208.
Smith, J. C., Amutio, A. Anderson, J. A., & Aria, L. A. (1996). Relaxation: Mapping an uncharted world. Biofeedback and Self-Regulation, 21 63-69.
Smith, J. C. & Siebert, J. R. (1984). Self-reported physical stress reactions: First and second-order factors. Biofeedback and Self-Regulation, 9, 215-227.
Smith, J. C. & Seidel, J. M. (1982). The factor structure of self-reported physical stress reactions. Biofeedback and Self-Regulation, 7, 35-47.
Smith, J. C. & Sheridan, M. (1982). Type A (coronary-prone) behavior and self-reported physical and cognitive reactions to actual-life stressors. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 56, 545-546.
Smith, J. C., McDuffie, S. R., Ritchie, T., Holmes, R. H. (2001) Ethnic and racial differences in relaxation states for recalled relaxation activities. In J. C. Smith (Ed). Advances in ABC Relaxation Training. New York: Springer. 115-116
Smith, J. C. Y Sohnle, S. (2001). Stress, relaxation dispositions, and recalled relaxation states for one=s preferred relaxation activity. In J. C. Smith (Ed). Advances in ABC Relaxation Training. New York: Springer. 143-148.
Smith, J. C. & Jackson, LuElla. (2001). Breathing exercises and relaxation states. In J. C. Smith (Ed). Advances in ABC Relaxation Training. New York: Springer. 202-204
Smith, J. C., Goc, N. L., & Kinzer, D. J. (2001). Initial trial of the Smith Intercentering Inventory: Progressive muscle relaxation,versus yoga stretching versus breathing relaxation. In J. C. Smith (Ed). Advances in ABC Relaxation Training. New York: Springer. 212-204
Sohnle, S. (2001) The Millon Index of Personality Styles and recalled relaxation states for ones preferred relaxation activity. In J. C. Smith (Ed). Advances in ABC Relaxation Training. New York: Springer. 132-142
Sonobe, Y. (2001). Coping styles and relaxation dispositions, motivations, and beliefs. In J. C. Smith (Ed). Advances in ABC Relaxation Training. New York: Springer. 149-156
Allen, D. & Ritchie, T. (2001). Oblique factor analysis applied to recalled relaxation states. In J. C. Smith (Ed). Advances in ABC Relaxation Training. New York: Springer.157-160.
Holmes, R. C., Ritchie, T., Allen, D. (2001). The factor structure of recalled relaxation states for ones preferred relaxation activity, stress, and the effects of grouped versus random presentation of questionnaire items. In J. C. Smith (Ed). Advances in ABC Relaxation Training. New York: Springer. 161-164
Mui, P. (2001). The factor structure of relaxation beliefs. In J. C. Smith (Ed). Advances in ABC Relaxation Training. New York: Springer. 165-166
Ghonchec, S., Byers, K., Sparks, S. & Wasik, M. (2001). The relationship between relaxation beliefs and relaxation dispositions, motivations, and recalled states for ones preferred relaxation activity. In J. C. Smith (Ed). Advances in ABC Relaxation Training. New York: Springer. 176-179
Lewis, Jacquie (2001). Recalled relaxation states and preferred relaxation activities. In J. C. Smith (Ed). Advances in ABC Relaxation Training. New York: Springer. 190-192
Rice, S. Cucci, L., Williams, J. (2001). Practice variables as predictors of stress and relaxation dispositions for yoga and meditation. In J. C. Smith (Ed). Advances in ABC Relaxation Training. New York: Springer. 193-196
Gonzales, R. (2001). ABC relaxation training as a treatment for depression for Puerto Rican elderly. In J. C. Smith (Ed). Advances in ABC Relaxation Training. New York: Springer.209-211
Goc, N., L, Fagerman, E. K., Dumitrescu, Kinzer, D. (2001). Test-retest reliability of the Smith Relaxation Inventory Series. In J. C. Smith (Ed). Advances in ABC Relaxation Training. New York: Springer. 251-217
Smith, J. C., Karmin, A. D. (2002). Idiosyncratic reality claims, relaxation dispositions, and ABC relation theory: Happiness, Literal Christianity, miraculous powers, metaphysics, and the paranormal. Perceptual & Motor Skills. 95(3,Pt2), 1119-1128.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Pseudoscience and Extraordinary Claims of the Paranormal:
A Critical Thinker's Toolkit
PART 1: INTRODUCTION.
Chapter 1: The Continuum Mysteriosum.
Making Sense out of Mysteries: The Continuum Mysteriosum.
Extraordinary, Nonparanormal Mysteries.
An Invitation.
Chapter 2: Why Study These Things?
The Dangers of Unexamined Paranormal Claims.
The Risk of Paranormal Passion and the Critical Thinker s Toolkit.
Eight Reality-Checks: The Critical Thinker s Toolkit.
PART II: THE CRITICAL THINKERS TOOLKIT.
EVALUATE SUPPORT FOR A CLAIM.
Chapter 3: Reality Check: Are the Sources Credible?
Astrology.
Questionable Sources.
The Question of Authority.
When Experts Get It Wrong.
An Invitation to Question.
Chapter 4: Reality Check: Is the Logic Valid and Sound?
Basic Logic.
Informal Logical Fallacies.
Premises, Logic, and Hypothesis Testing.
Chapter 5: Reality Check: Are Claims Based on Science: (Observations, Tests, and Theories)?
Observations.
Tests.
Theories.
Sagan s Balance and the FEDS Standard.
Science and Alternative Hypotheses.
CONSIDER ALTERNATIVE EXPLANATIONS.
Chapter 6: Reality Checking for Oddities of Nature and the World of Numbers.
Probability Estimates and Bias.
Math Ignorance.
Coincidences.
The Clumpiness of Randomness.
The Law of Very Large Numbers.
Science and Chance.
Summary: Psychic Bias.
Chapter 7: Reality Checking for Perceptual Error and Trickery.
Top-Down Processes and Perception.
Manipulations of Magicians and Psychics: The Cold Reading Toolkit.
Hypnotic Suggestion Enhancers.
Chapter 8: Reality Checking for Memory Errors.
Memory Myths.
What is Memory?.
Memory Errors.
Déjàvu.
The Déjàvu Reality Check.
Chapter 9: Reality Checking for the Placebo Effect.
What are Placebos?.
Weak and Strong Placebos.
Is the Placebo Effect Real? Underlying Placebogenic Mechanisms.
Placebos and Superstitious Beliefs.
Placebo Controversies.
Placebos and Performance.
Chapter 10: Reality Checking for Sensory Anomalies and Hallucinations.
Sensory Phenomena.
Migraines.
Tunnel Experiences.
Hallucinations.
Hallucinations and the Critical Thinker s Toolkit.
PART 3: THE PARANORMAL FILES.
Chapter 11: Spiritualism and the Survival Hypothesis .
History of the Spiritualist Movement.
Impact of Spiritualism.
Spiritualism Today.
Research on Life after Death.
Research on Channeling and Mediums.
Conclusion.
Chapter 12: Parapsychology.
The Language of Parapsychology.
Research on PSI.
Conclusion: The State of PSI Research.
Chapter 13: Energy Treatments and Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM).
Contemporary Views of Energy: The Scientific Perspective.
Concepts of Energy in Children and Western History: Vitalism.
Chinese History and Energy: The Yin-Yang School.
Chinese Energy Treatments.
Western Energy Treatments.
Conclusion.
Chapter 14: Supernatural Cures and Faith Healing.
The Varieties of Healing Experience.
The Evidence.
Chapter 15: Creationism, Intelligent Design, and God.
Great Debate.
Things Great and Small.
Chapter 16: The Reality Checkup: Using your Toolkit.
The Reality Checkup.
How to Carry on a Civilized Discussion about the Paranormal.
Parting Words: The Paranormal Challenge.
APPENDIX A: Complementary and Alternative Medicine.
APPENDIX B: Critical Thinking and Paranormal Resources.
APPENDIX C: Susan Blackmore on Paranormal Research
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DRAFT SUBJECT INDEX
9/11 terrorist attacks 126
A Wing and a Prayer 171
advertising 170
acupuncture 4, 6-7, 10, 21, 30, 35, 186-7, 274-5
    sham 196-7
ad hominem, appeal to 85
afterlife entities 11
AIDS 295-6
alpha level 136-7
alternative explanations 38, 39-40, 42, 105-6, 114, 119, 133, 320, 322, 324
ambiguity, fallacies of 77-84
American Nurses’ Association 280
American Psychologist 293
American Psychological Association 160
amnesia 223-4
An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding 60
analogy, fallacy of 82-4
ancient wisdom 55-7
anecdotes 57-8
angina and placebos 185-6
animal magnetism 25-6, 276-7
Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 293
answers.com 63-4
antecedent, affirming the 73
anthropic principle 307-8
apophenia 145, 155
arbitrary stop points 114, 133-4, 258-9
argument from complexity 88
arthoscopic surgery and placebos 186
Aryan race 29
assumptions, scientific theories and 110
astrology 4, 15, 21, 51-
    Chinese 272-3
    history of 51-2
    science and 114-17, 312
    scientific theories and 111-12
astronomy 54-5, 111-12
atheism 31, 32, 312
autokinetic effect 203-4
availability error 122
Babylonians 51-2
Barnum effect 142-3, 144, 148, 150-6, 170
begging the question 90-1, 360-1
belief systems 17
bending spoons 9, 163
Benson prayer experiment 299-300
bias, publication 60-1, 259, 263-266
Bible code 8, 126
Bigfoot 7
birthmarks 242
black holes 55, 76
blood-letting 277-8
Bonferroni correction 137-8
borderline paranormal claims 5-7, 30
brain
    10% myth 168
    anoxia 214
    attentional searchlight 217
    déjàvu 177
    hallucinations 215
    imaging techniques 190, 215-16, 255-7
    opioid system 189-91, 200
    psi research 255-7
    tunnel experiences 207-8
Buddhism 236-7, 241, 358
burden of proof 105
Byrd and Harris studies 297-8
California Psychological Inventory (CPI) 117
Carlson Study 117
category errors 16, 81
causal placeholders 13-14
causality see correlations and causality
Center for Inquiry 62
Cha and Worth Wirth study 296-7
chance, science and 133
chance baseline shift 135
channeling 238
cheating 250-1 see also deception; fraud
child prodigies 242
chiropractic 30, 278-9, 342
Christian Science 288
church and state 303
clairvoyance 246, 251-2
classical conditioning 188-9, 193, 194, 200
closed-mindedness 90
clustering illusion 127
cocktail party effect 143
cognitive dissonance 144
coincidence 8, 125-6, 129
cold reading 148-56, 239
Committee for Skeptical Inquiry (CSI) 62
common sense 41
complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) 15, 30-1, 269-83, 341-3
comprehensiveness, scientific theories and 109-10
conpiracy 15
composition, fallacy of 84
confirmation bias 143, 144, 148, 150-6, 170
consequent, affirming the 73-4, 360
constellations 54-5
continuum mysteriosum 3-19, 357
contradiction 72
control groups 133
correlations and causality 94-9
Council for Secular Humanism and the Center for Inquiry 62
creationism 15, 108, 110, 303-9
critical thinker's pocket survival kit 41-5, 320
critical thinker's toolkit 38-40, 319-20
Crusades 31
cryptomnesia 171-2
cryptozoology 7
csicop.org 62
dangling analogy 83
dark energy 13, 263
data mining 248, 296, 297
death 11 see also life after death
death premonitions 128-9
deception 114, 265-6, 286-8, 289, 295-6 see also cheating; FEDS Standard, fraud
deductive arguments 72-4, 103
deep model of matter and energy 301-2
déjàvu 176-81, 242
    attentional explanations 178
    dual processing explanations 177
    imlicit and source memory explanations 178-9
    neurological explanations 177
    reality check 179-81
demon possession 221
denial 143-4
depersonalization 223, 224
derealization 222-3, 224
Devil 21
“dialogue of the deaf†262
dietary supplements 277
disease, germ theory of 113
discrimination 143
dissociation 221-2, 224
dissociative identity disorder 220
division, fallacy of 84
double-blind procedure 105, 106, 116, 186-7, 297
double-headed statement 150
Dr. Who 93
dreams 176-7, 209, 252-3
drop and return 150-1
ectoplasm 229-30
emotion, appeal to 85
emotions, perception and 142, 218
Encyclopedia of occultism and the paranormal 63-4
endorphins 190
energy and energies 10 269-70
energy treatments 342-3
    Chinese 273-6
    Western 276-81
Enlightenment 28
entanglement 13-14
entoptic phenomena 204-5
epilepsy 220
episodic memory 169
error 114 see FEDS Standard
ethnic cleansing 31
European Union 303
everyday illusions 145-8
evidence 112-13
evolution 305-9
exorcisms 221
experts 59-61
extraneous nontreatment variables 194-5
extraordinary mysteries 12-15
extra-sensory perception (ESP) 9, 108, 238, 245, 248-51
extroversion see introversion and extroversion
fact and fiction, confusing 75-7
faith, weasel word 80
faith healing 30, 285-302
false dilemma 91-2
false memory syndrome 181
false positive 136, 137
falsifiability 104, 107-9
familiarity is truth 173-5
Family Guy 162
fanaticism 31
fatal assumptions 89-92
fate 11
FEDS Standard 113, 114, 180, 262-3, 264
feng shui 16, 273-4
file drawer bias/effect 114, 259, 264
first cause, argument from 308
floatation tanks 215
floaters 204-5
flying saucers 89
Flying Spaghetti Monster 15, 312-17, 350 363 see also Pastafarian Quatrains
folklore 8
food deprivation 214
Forer effect see Barnum effect
fortification illusion 206
fraud 60, 114, 230, 232, 296-7 see also cheating; deception; FEDS Standard
French Academy of Sciences 24, 26
Galton study 294
gambler’s fallacy 127
gambling 122, 123, 127-8
ganzfeld research 253-5
gate control theory of pain 275
Geller effect 163
geomancy 273-4
ghosts 11
global warming 108
God-in-the-gaps thinking 195
God, proof and concepts of 11, 17-19, 131, 309-312, 363
God Winks books 126
gods of planet paranormia 17-19, 338
Gauquelin Study 115-16
grand conspiracy theories 88-9
graphology 15
gratuitous paranormal claims 7-8
Guinness Book of World Records 121, 281
Halloween 21
hallucinations 40, 208-19
    Aleman/Larøi model 215-16
    definition 208
    hypnogogic 210
    out-of-body experiences 211-12
    proneness 213
    sleep and rest-related 209-12
    triggers 213-15
Harry Potter 21
Harvard Group Scale of Hypnotic Susceptibility 157
healing, weasel word 78
healing shrines 288
Health Education & Behavior, 293
health professionals 31
heaven 164, 165
high-probability guesses 154-5
Hinduism 241
holographic urine theory 76
homeopathy 30, 277-8. 341
horoscopes 21, 51-5, 115, 117
hot reading 149
Hume's Maxim 59-60
humoral theory 277
hypercapnia 214
hypnosis 15, 25-6, 157-9, 188, 242-3
hypocapnia 214
hypotheses 103-5
I Ching symbols 8, 272-3
ideomotor effect 158
ignorance, appeal to 85-8
illusion of truth effect 173-4
imagination inflation 175
implicit memory 170
implicit theories 110
inductive arguments 74-5, 103-4
illusions 165
inferences, cold reading and 153-5
intelligent design 15, 303-4, 306-9
intelligent forces and entities 10-11
internal mammary ligation 185-6
International Committee of Medical Journal Editors 264
internet 58
    psychic superstars 161-6
    see also websites
introversion and extroversion 114-15
intuition see reason and intuition
irreducible complexity 307
irrelevant characteristics 84-9
James Randi Educational Foundation 63
jargon, pointless 75
Jehovah’s Witneses 144
Jesus for the Non-Religious 312
Jews 29-30
Journal of Health Psychology, 293
Journal of Reproductive Medicine 296-7
Journal of Scientific Exploration 238
Journal of the American Medical Association 280
Journal of the Society for Psychical Research 238
journals 61, 112, 134-5, 238. 264, 293, 295-7, 300, 301, 348-9
Judgment Day:Intelligent Design on Trial 304
Kirlian photography 283
Kitzmiller v Dover Area School District 304
Krebiozen 183-4, 193
Krucoff MANTRA studies 297
lie detectors 15
life after death 233-7
Littlewood’s Law of Miracles 130
Loch Ness Monster 7, 121, 175
logic 39, 71-99
    definition of terms 71
    errors 71-2, 92-3
    informal fallacies 75-92
    types of argument 72-5
long-term memory 169
lottery 4, 136 see also gambling
Lourdes 285, 288
magicians 148-56
    scientists fooled by 112, 249, 265-267 see also spiritualism, FEDS Standard
magnetism 276-7, 283 see also animal magnetism
Malleus Maleficarum 28
Mars Effect 115-16, 134
mass media 58
mediums 238-40
memory
    definition 168-70
    errors 39, 170-6
    false 170-6
    myths 167-8
    reconstructive 168, 170
mental health professions, perceptual bias in 159-60
meridians 272, 274, 275
Mesmerism 25-6
meta-analyses 257-60
metacognition 359
meteors 21-4
microorganisms 113
microscopes 110
migraines 205-6
Milky Way 55
Millerites 143-4
mind-body medicine 342
mind over matter 198-9
mind-reading 4 see also PSI
misinformation effect 172
miracles 130
Mohammed 31
monkeys typing Shakespeare 138-9
moon 147 (fig)
multiple out 150
multiple personality disorder see dissociative identity disorder
“My Sweet Lord†172
Myers Randomized Sequence 127
naloxone 190
NASA 163
National Council of Geocosmic Research (NGGR) 117
National Institutes of Health Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine
    295
National Spiritualist Association of Churches 233
Nature 117
naturopathy 341
Nazi Holocaust 29-30
near-death experiences 233-7
negative events, underestimation of 122-3
nitroglycerine pills 189
Nonoverlapping Magisteria (NOMA) 311
non-specific intervention 184
Nostrodamus quatrains 161 see also Pastafarian Quatrains
numbers 8
    law of very large 128-33
nursing profession, and therapeutic touch 280
nutritional supplements 30
observations and science 102-3
Occam's razor 42-3, 110, 233, 308
old testament 57
ontological categories 16
ontological fusion 16, 81
open-mindedness 90
operant conditioning 195-6
opioid system 189-91, 193, 200
out-of-body experiences 211-12, 233-7
palmistry 8-9
Pandora’s Challenge 330-2
Pandora’s Principles 338-9 See also Planet Paranormia
paradigm shifts 110
Parapsychological Association 26, 64, 362
    website 64
parapsychology 245-67 see also psi
    Project Alpha 265-6
    psi research 247-65
    terminology 245-6
paranormal claims
    afterlife entities 11
    borderline 5-7, 30
    dangers of unexamined 27-37
    energies, simple life 10
    gratuitous 7-8
    intelligent forces and entities 10
    paranormal patterns 8
    paranormal powers 9
    propensity for 340
    pure 8
    possible truth of 26-7
    supernatural entities, god 11
    superstitions, simple 8
paranormal documentaries 58
paranormal firewall 32-3
paranomal laboratories 347-8
paranormal passion 37-8
paranormal powers 9
paranormal research organizations 348
paranormal science, alternative hypotheses and 113-14
Paranormic propensity and thinking, 338-340, see also Planet Paranormia
pareidolia 145, 155
Pascal’s wager 310
Pastafarianism, see Flying Spaghetti Monster, Pastafarian Quatrains
Pastafarian Quatrains, 312-318
past-life regression 242-3
patchwork theories 110
patterns, paranormal 8
Penfield patch 216-17
Pentecostalism 288-91
perception
    constructive 145
    fundamentally biased 142
perceptual constancy 145
perceptual error 39, 122, 141-8
personal databases 351
personal knowledge, appeal to 88
personal validation fallacy see Barnum effect
personality traits, horoscopes and 114-15
PET scans 190
phosphenes 205
photons 13-14
photopsia 206
Pi 130-3
Pickover ESP Experiment 350
placebos 40, 105, 183-202
    controversies 196-7
    definition of 184-6, 361
    how placebos work, Smith’s theory 187-8
    negative side effects 187
    nonspecific effects and 188-95
    and performance 200-1
    and remembered wellness 198-9
    and superstitious beliefs 195-6
    versus cognitive-behavioral strategies 197-8
    weak and strong 186-95
plagiarism 172
Planet Paranormia 17-19 See also Paranormic Propensity
popularity 58
positive thinking 198
post hoc ergo propter hoc 89
powers, paranormal 9
pragmatic fallacy 89
prayer 291-302, 364
    distant intercessory 293-4
    health professionals and 293
    Old and New Testaments 291-2
    studies of 294-300
precognition 245
prejudice 143
presumption, fallacy of 89
priming 169
probability 122-5
productivity, scientific theories and 109
prophetic dreams 129-30
pseudohallucinations 210
pseudomemories 172-3
psi 113, 245-67, 363
psychiatric conditions and disorders and the paranormal 219-21
psychic bias 135
psychic numbing 222
psychic surgery 286-8
psychics 148-56
    on the web 161-6
psychokinesis 9, 16, 246
Psychological Inquiry, 293
psychotherapy, energy treatments and 281
publication bias 60-1, 134-5 see also journals
pupil response 204
qi (chi) 6, 7, 10, 272-3, 274-6, 279, 281, 329-30, 341
Qugong 275-6
quackwatch 63, 291
quantum consciousness 77
quantum physics 13-14, 77
questionable sources 55-8
questioning 61, 310
questions, cold reading and 151-3
rabbit's foot 5, 8
randi.org 62, 63
random number generators 257-60
randomness, clumpiness of 127-8, 298, 361
reality checks 38-40, 320-9, 332-8
reason and intuition 282-3
reductio ad absurdum 44, 86, 105
reflexology 279
Reformed Church of the Flying Spaghetti Monster 126 see also Pastafarian Quatrains
regression to the mean 128, 195, 250
reification 81-2
Reiki 279
relativity, theory of 109
reliability, scientific tests 103
religion 31-2; 303-319
remembered wellness 198-9
remote viewing see clairvoyance
repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) 277
repressed memory therapy (RMT) 181-2
Research on Aging 293
retroactive intercessory prayer 300-1
retrocognition 246
Ripley’s Believe It or Not 121
sacrificial lambs 8-9
Sagan's Balance 41, 112-13 see also FEDS standard
Sagittarius 52 53-5, 312, 359
sample, scientific testing 106, 133
saying is believing 175-6
schizophrenia 221
science 40-1
    always on the move 113
    best reality checking tool 101
Science Applications International Corporation (SAIC) 251
science fiction 76-7, 83
science fiction writers 17
scientific enquiry/investigation 36-7, 101-17
scientology 17, 251-2, 363
scintillating scotoma 206
séances 229-30, 232
seizures 220-1
self-generated placebos 193-4
self-stressing theory 191-3
self-terminating assumptions 89-92
semantic memory 169
sensory anomalies 40, 122
sensory deprivation 214-15
Shamanism 285-7
sheep and goats 250, 260-1
short-term memory 169
shotgunning 150
Sicher-Targ AIDS study 295-6
similarity, fallacy of 82-4
simple life energies 10
simplicity, scientific theories and 110
skepdic.com 62
Skeptic 63
Skeptical Inquirer 62, 122
skeptic.com 62-3
skepticreport.com 63
sleep 209-10
sleep paralysis 210
sloppiness 114 see FEDS Standard
Society for Psychical Research (SPR) 248
Society of Novus Spiritus 164
SOPHIA project 240
soul, weight of 212
source monitoring error 171-172
sources 38-9, 171
Soviet Union 251
space aliens 4
spirits 11
spiritualism 15, 227-33
    history of 227-30
    impact of 230-2
Stanford Hypnotic Susceptibility Scale 157
Stanford Research Institute 163, 251
Star Trek 93-4
Star Wars 17
Stargate program 251-2
stars see Zodiac
statistics 39, 122-8
stimulus leakage 106, 114, 180, 252
straw man argument 80-1
string theory 77
subjective relativism 33-7, 198-9
subjective validation see Barnum effect
subluxations 278-9
subtle cues 153-4
sugar pill see placebo effect
suggestion 8, 187-8, 193
supernatural entities 11-12, 358
superstitions 8, 358, 358
    and placebos 195-6
synchronicity 125-6
synesthesia 205
systematic memory theory 359-60
tai chi 276
tarot cards 8-9
tea leaves 8-9
technobabble 75-6, 83, 93-4
telepathy 77, 246, 252-3
Templeton Foundation 299
temporal contiguity, argument from 89
testability see falsifiability
testimonials 57-8
tests, scientific 103
The Afterlife Experiments 162
The Celestine Prophecy 125
The End of Faith 312
The Faith Healers 289
The Full Facts Book of Cold Reading 149
The Origin of Species 305
The Skeptics Dictionary 62
The Skeptics Society 62-3
The Structure of Scientific Revolution 110
theistic science 309
theological dogmas, fixed 109
therapeutic touch (TT) 30, 279-81
thought reading 77 see also PSI
Tour de France 200
Tourette’s syndrome 221
transparency illusion 142-3
Treasure Island 172
trickery 39, 148-56 see also FEDS standard, magicians
tunnel experiences 206-8
tv programs 58, 162, 164, 165, 166
Type I error 136
UFOs 15, 121-2, 206
universal negative 87
University of Edinburgh
    Koestler Parapsychology Unit 64
unreasonable optimism 123
urine therapy 64-9, 332-336
validity, scientific tests 103
vascular figure 205
VERITAS research program 240
Virgin Mary 121
vitalism 271-83
voodoo 57
War of the Worlds 203
weasel words 78-80, 82, 304
websites 58
    general 349-50
    neutral 347
    non-skeptical 63-4, 347
    skeptical 62-3, 345-6
Western Journal of Medicine 295-6
Wicca 29
witches 107-8, 221
witchcraft 28-9, 57
working memory 169
yin/yang 11, 271-2, 341
yoga 4, 271
Zener cards 249-51
Zodiac 52-3, 111
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STRESS AND COPING LIBRARY
Roosevelt University Stress Institute
430 S. Michigan
Chicago, IL 60605
Director: Jonathan C. Smith, PhD
jsmith@roosevelt.edu
(312) 341-3753
STANFORD MULTITASKING STUDY (PLUS VIDEO)
http://news.stanford.edu/news/2009/august24/multitask-research-study-082409.html
DISCUSSION QUESTION: What is multitasking? How is it like “stressed attention†as discussed in your textbook? How is it different from mindfulness?
HOW PSYCHOLOGISTS MEASURE COPING
http://www.psy.miami.edu/faculty/ccarver/sclCOPEf.html
DISCUSSION QUESTION: The CARVER COPE is a major psychological test for measuring coping. Take a look at it. What does it seem to measure? Compare it with the topics in your text. What coping techniques does the test miss? How well do you think this test measures coping?
RELIGION AND COPING
http://www.psy.miami.edu/faculty/mmccullough/Papers/Relig_self_control_bulletin.pdf
This is a major review article on religion and coping. What techniques mentioned in your text are mentioned? Which are not mentioned? Does religion help coping, or not? What do you think?
RELAPSE PREVENTION
http://pubs.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/arh23-2/151-160.pdf
Relapse prevention is often used for treating alcohol and substance abuse. However, many of the same techniques and concepts apply to dealing with stress. Your textbook considers relapse prevention to be one type of coping or stress management technique. Read the article, substituting references to “alcohol abuse†with “stress.†What textbook techniques are mentioned? Which are not?
LEADERSHIP AND ASSERTIVENESS
http://www.apa.org/releases/good_leaders.html
Are good leaders assertive (according to the definitions in your text)? Or are they more aggressive? Discuss the claims of this article in light of your textbook. What do you think, in light of “good leaders†you know.
ANGER ADVICE FROM THE APA
http://www.apa.org/topics/controlanger.html
The prestigious American Psychological Association offers this advice on anger and anger management. What techniques and ideas do they suggest not in your text? What techniques in your text are not mentioned by the APA? What ideas and techniques are mentioned by both?
STRESS AND THE PSYCHOLOGICALLY HEALTHY WORKPLACE
http://www.phwa.org/resources/creating_a_healthy_workplace.php
The prestigious American Psychological Association has an extended discussion of what constitutes a “psychologically healthy†(read: “stress-freeâ€Â) workplace. How do their ideas correspond to ideas in your text? Which ideas fit best your work experience?
STRESS IN AMERICA STUDY
http://www.apa.org/releases/women-stress1008.html
Here is a study from the American Psychological Association on stress in America. What do you think? What findings do you find most important? This study was conducted at the onset of the 2009 recession. Do you think they apply today? Why or why not?
STRESS MANAGEMENT IN THE ARMY
The US Army now has all recruits undergo stress management . This was reported in New York Times article:
http://www.nytimes.com/2009/08/18/health/18psych.html?_r=1
or try this
http://www.sas.upenn.edu/lps/news_083109_01
These links are sometimes broken. So a Google search (for "US Army Mental Stress Training") to find the most complete and recent description. What techniques from your textbook does the Army use? Which do they not use? Why? Do you think some might work better for those in combat? Why. What types of stress might one encounter in combat? What stress management might work best. Incorporate textbook concepts.
STRESS MANAGEMENT NONSENSE
http://www.skepdic.com/tialtmed.html
http://www.quackwatch.com
The field of stress management is littered with nonsense and pseudoscience. Many popular techniques are worthless. Here are two excellent websites to help you sort things out. Check out your favorite popular stress management technique and find out if it's nonsense?
Have you found a website or YouTube link that illustrates or elaborates concepts in the textbook? Please send them to:
Jonathan C. Smith, PhD
Director, Stress Institute
stressinstitute@aol.com |
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