Theoretical Foundations The media ecological perspective is one
that places human experience within the framework of the technological context of communication. That context is made manifest in many ways:languages which embody cultures' values and worldviews, media which
become paradigms of human interaction, symbols which act as organizing principles for the categorization of experience. The following books explore the many ways in which the content of communication are
subordinated to or modified by the context of communication.
- Boorstin, Daniel
The Image: or What Happened to the AmericanDream? (1961) Atheneum, New York.
- Carpenter, Edward and McLuhan, Marshall
Explorations in Communication (1960) Beacon Press, New York.
- Ellul, Jacques
The Technological Society (1967) Vintage Press, New York.
- Innis, Harold Adams
Empire and Communication (1950) Oxford University Press, Cambridge.
- Innis, Harold Adams
The Bias of Communication (1951) University of Toronto Press, Toronto.
- McLuhan, Marshall
The Gutenberg Galaxy: The Making of Typographic Man (1962) University of Toronto Press, Toronto.
- McLuhan, Marshall
Understanding Media: The Extensions of Man (1965) McGraw-Hill, New York.
- Mumford, Lewis
Technics and Civilization (1934) Harcourt, Brace and World, New York.
- Postman, Neil
Amusing Ourselves to Death (1985) Penguin Books, New York.
- Schwartz, Tony
The Responsive Chord (1973) Anchor Press, New York.
- Watzlawick, Paul, Beavins-Bavelas, Janet, and Jackson, Don D.
Pragmatics of Human Communication (1967) Norton, New York.
- Whorf, Benjamin Lee
Language, Thought and Reality (1956) Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Ma.
- White, Jr., Lynn
Medieval Technology and Social Change (1962) New York: Oxford University Press, 1962.
- Wiener, Norbert
The Human Use of Human Beings (1956) Avon Press, New York.
- Winston, Brian
Misunderstanding Media (1986) Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Ma.
Communication and Culture To the extent that
different societies utilize their own peculiar means and media of communication, whether they be languages, tools or techniques, it can be said that cultural differences exist between those societies. The
following books are useful in observing the interface between communication and culture.
- Berger, Peter L., and Thomas Luckman
The Social Construction of Reality (1967) Anchor Books, New York.
- Carpenter, Edward
Oh! What a Blow That Phantom Gave Me (1974) Holt, Rinehart and Winston, New York.
- Duncan, Hugh Dalziel
Communication and Social Order (1962) The Bedminster Press, New York.
- Ellul, Jacques
Propaganda: The Formation of Men's Attitudes (1965) Alfred A. Knopf, New York.
- Goffman, Erving The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life (1959) Anchor Books, New York.
- Hall, Edward T.
Beyond Culture (1976) Anchor Books, New York.
- Hall, Edward T.
The Hidden Dimension (1966) Doubleday, New York.
- Hall, Edward T.
The Silent Language (1959) Fawcett World Library, New York.
- Lasch, Christopher
The Culture of Narcissism (1978) Norton, New York.
- Levi-Strauss, Claude
Structural Anthropology (1967) Anchor Books, New York.
- Malinowski, Bronislaw
A Scientific Theory of Culture (1944) Galaxy Books, New York.
- Mead, George Herbert
Mind, Self and Society (1954) University of Chicago Press, Chicago
Language and Literacy
The transformation of Homo Sapiens into a speaking, writing, publishing animal is probably the most profound evolutionary event in human history. The following books consider man before and during that
transition, and the implications it has for the organization of knowledge, power and society.
- Campbell, Jeremy
Grammatical Man (1982) Touchstone Books, New York.
- Goody, Jack
The Domestication of the Savage Mind (1977) Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
- Goody, Jack
The Interface Between the Written and the Oral (1987) Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
- Goody, Jack
The Logic of Writing and the Organization of Society (1986) Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
- Eisenstein, Elizabeth
The Printing Press as an Agent of Change (1979) Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
- Fallon, Peter K.
Printing, Literacy, and Education in Eighteenth Century Ireland: Why the Irish Speak English (2005) The Edwin Mellen Press, Lewiston, NY.
- Gelb, I.J.
A Study of Writing (1952) University of Chicago Press, Chicago.
- Havelock, Eric A.
Origins of Western Literacy (1976) Ontario Institute for Studies in Education, Toronto.
- Havelock, Eric A.
Preface to Plato (1963) The Belknap Press, Cambridge, Ma.
- Hudson, R.A.
Sociolinguistics (1980) Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
- Hymes, Dell
Foundations in Sociolinguistics (1974) The University of Pennsylvania Press, Philadelphia.
- Jaynes, Julian
. The Origin of Consciousness in the Breakdown of the Bicameral Mind. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1976.
- Johnson, Mark
The Body in the Mind (1987) University of Chicago Press, Chicago.
- Johnson, Wendell
People in Quandaries (1946) International Society for General Semantics, San Francisco.
- Korzybski, Alfred
Science and Sanity (1933) Institute of General Semantics, Lakeville, Ct.
- Lakoff, George and Johnson, Mark
Metaphors We Live By (1980) University of Chicago Press, Chicago.
- Loritz, Donald
How the Brain Evolved Language (1999) Oxford University Press, Oxford.
- Ong, Walter J.
Interfaces of the Word (1977) Cornell University Press, Ithaca.
- Ong, Walter J.
Orality and Literacy (1982) Methuen, London. Whorf, Benjamin Lee Language, Thought and Reality (1956) Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Ma
Television, Film and Mass Culture The electronic media have become what Lewis Mumford calls a "defining technology" of modern global culture. The impact of television and film can be felt in nearly every
aspect of modern life. Yet, curiously, these media often communicate more forcefully by "deed" than by "word." They are, in Suzanne Langer's terms, non-discursive and presentational
rather than discursive, sequential and rational. The following books consider the implications for mass culture of such media.
- Biskind, Peter
Seeing is Believing: How Hollywood Taught Us to Stop Worrying and Love the Fifties (1983) Pantheon, New York.
- Eisenstein, Sergei
Film Form and Film Sense (1949) Harcourt, Brace and World, New York.
- Ewen, Stewart
Captains of Consciousness (1980) McGraw-Hill, New York.
- Greenberg, Bradley
Life on Television: Content Analyses of U.S. TV Dramas (1980) Ablex, Norwood, N.J.
- Herman, Edward S. and Chomsky, Noam
Manufacturing Consent (1988) Pantheon, New York.
- Himmelstein, Hal
On the Small Screen (1981) Praeger Scientific, Westport, Ct.
- Mander, Jerry
Four Arguments for the Elimination of Television (1978) Quill, New York.
- Metz, Christian
Film Language: A Semiotics of the Cinema (1974) Oxford University Press, New York.
- Meyerowitz, Josh
No Sense of Place (1985) Oxford University Press, Oxford.
- Monaco, David
How to Read a Film (1981) Oxford University Press, New York.
- Postman, Neil
Amusing Ourselves to Death (1985) Penguin Books, New York.
- Ranney, Austin
Channels of Power: The Impact of Television on American Politics (1983) Basic Books, Inc., New York.
- Schudson, Michael
Advertising, the Uneasy Persuasion (1984) Basic Books, Inc., New York.
Related Readings in Philosophy and Criticism The media
ecological perspective demands insight into the workings of communication environments, as well as their effects on those who inhabit them. The following books represent critical interpretations of the
relationship between thought, symbol, and meaning.
- Aristotle
, Poetics and The Rhetoric
- Aristotle,
Nichomachean Ethics (Martin Ostwald, translator) (1999) Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ.
- Barthes, Roland
Elements of Semiology (1964) Hill and Wang, New York.
- Barthes, Roland
Mythologies (1972) Hill and Wang, New York.
- Blackburn, Simon
Truth: A Guide (2005) Oxford University Press, Oxford.
- Chomsky, Noam
Language and Mind (1972) Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, New York.
- Eco, Umberto
A Theory of Semiotics (1979) Indiana University Press, Bloomington.
- Ellul, Jacques
The Humiliation of the Word (1985) W.B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, Michigan.
- Frankfurt, Harry
On Bullshit (2005) Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ.
- Frankfurt, Harry
On Truth (2007) Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ.
- Langer, Suzanne
Philosophy in a New Key (1942) Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Ma.
- Murdoch, Iris
Metaphysics as a Guide to Morals (1992) Penguin Press, NY.
- Ortony, Andrew
(ed.) Metaphor and Thought (1979) Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
- Postman, Neil
Conscientious Objections (1988) Alfred A. Knopf, New York.
- Rorty, Richard and Engel, Pascal
What's the Use of Truth? (2007) Columbia University Press, NY.
- Sontag, Susan
On Photography (1977) Farrar, Strauss, Giroux, New York.
- Sturrock, John
(ed.) Structuralism and Since: From Levi-Strauss to Derrida (1979) Oxford University Press, Oxford.
-click here to go to the Home Page of the Media Ecology Association- Buy
Elizabeth Eisenstein's The Printing Press as an Agent of Change
Buy Walter Ong's Orality and Literacy
Buy
Amusing Oursleves to Death and other books by Neil Postman
Buy Harold Innis's The Bias of Communication
Buy
Marshall McLuhan's Understanding Media (and other works)
Buy
Jacques Ellul's Propaganda: The Formation of Men's Attitudes
Buy Lewis Mumford's Technics and Civilization
Buy
Benjamin Lee Whorf's Language, Thought and Reality
Buy Alfred Korzybski's Science and Sanity Buy Suzanne Langer's Philosophy in a New Key
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